一、常見體裁
?。ㄒ唬┯洈⑽?mdash;—情節(jié)性
1、特點:故事性、情節(jié)性、理解較容易。
2、明確六個要素:時間、地點、人物、故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局。
3、核心:故事的展開。
4、做題:明確事件內(nèi)容、理清故事發(fā)展線索。
(二)說明文——條理性
了解主題明確條理是關(guān)鍵。認(rèn)知過程從段落、分層次、分要點等逐步展開。
?。ㄈ┳h論文——邏輯性
了解觀點(論點)和論據(jù)(道理)。闡述觀點,自圓其說(正反雙方),環(huán)環(huán)相扣,表達(dá)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。
?。ㄋ模┏R婎}材
社會生活、人物傳記、科技文化、歷史地理、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)。因此考生平時要廣聞博覽、針對性閱讀,豐富閱讀面。
二、題目設(shè)計特點
?。ㄒ唬┦拙洳辉O(shè)空
(二)上下文邏輯關(guān)系
完形填空不僅考察詞匯、搭配、語法等獨立知識,而且還考察它們不同語境下構(gòu)成的相應(yīng)意義。做完形填空試題時必須首先明確上下文的的邏輯關(guān)系和意義。
1、因果:as a result,consequently,thus,therefore,for this reason,for that reason,because of,on account of,so that,due to,owing to…
2、列舉:for instance,for example,that is,namely,specifically,one example is,such as…
3、遞進(jìn):not only…but also,,,.as well as,moreover,besides,and,neither…nor…,both…and…
4、比較:compare with/to,like,in the same way,similarly,unlike,as well as,by contrast…
5、對比:although,while,but,but at the same time,despite,even so,even though,for all that,however,in contrast,in spite of,nevertheless,on the contrary,on the other hand,regardless,still,though,yet…
6、轉(zhuǎn)折:but,however,on the other hand,nevertheless,whereas,whereas,while,yet,still,although,even though,in spite of…
7、強(qiáng)調(diào):indeed,certainly,above all,in addition,infact,after all,especially,(in)particular(ly),it is true,of course…
8、條件:if,in case,suppose,provided that,as longas…
9、時間:after that,from now on,next,fromthen on,first,then,secondly,finally,former,previous,meantime,since,since then,after a while,soon,as soon as,before,earlier,until,immediately,in the past,lately,now,shortly,so far,when…
10、空間:over,above,inside,outside,beside,across,between,before,below,close to,in front of,in the center of,nearby,nearto,on top of,on the other side,opposite to,to the east,to the left…
11、順序:again,also,and,and then,besides,equallyimportant,finally,first,further,further more,in addition,in the firstplace,last,moreover,next,second,still,too…
12、總結(jié):in short,in a word,to sum up,inconclusion,in other words,in summary,on the whole…
?。ㄈ┱Z義干擾
設(shè)置語義干擾可以在有限篇幅盡可能地多考察知識點、語言點,考查語言功底和語言運(yùn)用能力。
1.詞義相近
例1:Then we wouldn’t need to go to class.Professors should15repeating inlectures material that is in the textbook.“Once we’ve read the material,we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on,not repeated.”
A)refuse B)prohibit
C)prevent D)avoid
例2:Friendship appears to be a unique form of human bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children,it is not defined or regulated by8.
A)discipline B)law
C)rule D)regulation
2.詞性相同
We sat at the dinner table in silence,preferring that to89in a difficult language.
A)telling B)uttering
C)saying D)speaking
3.詞形相近
Unlike math or science,ignorance of history cannot be easily connected to loss of international74.
A)competitiveness B)comprehension
C)community D)commitment
4.語法結(jié)構(gòu)
…but a bird has a single alarm cry,75means“danger!”
A)this B)that C)which D)it
?。ㄋ模┱Z法知識
常考語法項目有:
1、名次單復(fù)數(shù);2、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài);
3、形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和較高級;
4、分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和不定式;
5、定語從句;6、賓語從句;
7、虛擬語氣;8、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
?。ㄎ澹┝?xí)慣用法與固定搭配
Students can learn the right answers82heart inclass,and yet never combined them 83 their workingmodels ofthe world.
A)to B)by
C)in D)with
?。┰~匯辨析
Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the performance between the two tall heads in front of me.I had to keep changing the position every time she leaned over to talk to him.Why do Americansdisplay such75in a public place?
A)attraction B)attention
C)affection D)motion
三、解題策略與技巧
?。ㄒ唬┩ㄗx全文:
完形填空離不開文章,解題離不開上下文。通讀,了解文章大意,才能做到有的放矢。
?。ǘ┲匾暿拙洌?/p>
文章較好句話很重要,有指導(dǎo)性作用,理解中心思想。
?。ㄈ┓治鑫恼陆Y(jié)構(gòu)及展開方式:
體裁分析。記敘文要把握故事發(fā)展脈絡(luò);說明文要搞清文章范疇;議論文明確論點理順論證方式。
?。ㄋ模┓治鑫恼聲r態(tài):
時態(tài)提供了有效的背景信息,對選擇正確答案有提示作用。
Since we4all morning and were now feeling very tired,it's a pleasure to sit down.
A)shopped
B)had been shopping
C)were shopping
D)have been shopping
18the late 1970s,many shoppingmalls had almost developed into small cities themselves.
A)By B)During
C)In D)Towards
?。ㄎ澹ふ倚畔⒃~:
一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的信息詞是提示文章中心內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。另一種則在一句或一段話中有暗示作用。
No one,least 4 all management,wants to listen to hysterical roar(歇斯底里的咆哮).
A)over B)on
C)of D)towards
(六)借助語法知識:
1.名詞單復(fù)數(shù)
arm---arms;glass---glasses;time---times;paper---papers;fruit---fruits;food---foods;silk---silks;fish---fishes.
2.形容詞和副詞的一般級、比較級和較高級
(1)同級:as/so…as;not so…as;not as…as…
?。?)比較:twice,four times,ten times等與as…as結(jié)構(gòu)
a bit,a little,slightly,a great deal,a lot,many,much=不定量;
far,completely,still=程度進(jìn)一步—
?。?)較高:oneof…of/among all+三者以上名詞/代詞
3.動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)
全文時態(tài)、上下文關(guān)系以及時間狀語很重要。
4.分詞結(jié)構(gòu)和動詞不定式
現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞:主動和被動;現(xiàn)在和完成,作狀語。表示時間、原因、條件、伴隨;也可作定語修飾名詞;注意分詞和邏輯主語搭配。
The more significant the task is,the more careful the planning4.
A)making B)prepared
C)required D)looks
5.定語從句
?。?)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞
Through these less direct routes,longer and slower,they generally go to places18the air is clean and the scenery is beautiful.
A)there B)when
C)which D)where
?。?)限制性和非限制性定語從句
?。?)只能用that作為定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的情況
a.there be句型中只能用that,不用which;
b.不定代詞anything,nothing,the one,all,much,few,any,little只能用that,不用which;
c.先行詞有the only,the very修飾時用that;
d.先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞較高級時用that;
e.先行詞既有人又有物時要用that。
6.賓語從句
?。?)引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞
a.連詞that起連詞作用,不作句子成分,口語中省略;
b.連詞if,whether起連接作用,不作句子成分,意義為“是否”,口語省略。
c.連接代詞who,whom,whose,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how起連接作用,在句子中作成分,各自有各自意義。
?。?)賓語從句的語序:“主句+連接詞+主語+謂語”
?。?)主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)
如果主句為現(xiàn)在時態(tài),從句時態(tài)由實際情況決定;如果主句為過去時態(tài),從句時態(tài)要隨之變化。
7.虛擬語氣
?。?)用于條件狀語從句時,主句和從句謂語形式:
a.與過去事實相反:
從句:had+過去分詞,
主句:should/would/could/might+have+過去分詞;
b.與現(xiàn)在事實相反:
從句:一般過去時(be用were),
主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形;
c.與將來事實相反:
從句:一般過去時或should/were to+動詞原形
主句:would/should/could/might+動詞原形;
?。?)用于主語、表語、同位語、賓語從句時,注意“主觀愿望”的表達(dá)
8.倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)部分倒裝
a.句首有否定詞時,句子要倒裝;
b.so+adj./adv.放在句首時表示程度,句子要倒裝;
c.虛擬語氣條件句省略if時,條件句主謂部分倒裝;
d.由as和however(no matterhow)讓步從句倒裝;
e.“only+狀語”置于句首時句子(從句)要倒裝
f.“so/such…that…”結(jié)構(gòu)用于句首時句子要倒裝。
?。?)全部倒裝
a.以介詞開頭的地點狀語置于句首;
b.副詞out,in,along,then,now,up,down,away,here,there等位于句首;
c.代詞so,neither,nor,no more置于句首
?。ㄆ撸┱扒邦櫤?,靈活答題
完形填空答題不能“目光短淺,就事論事”。正確的選擇答案離不開句子,離不開整篇文章。要多看看上下文,多從各個角度考慮和分析。
?。ò耍?fù)校全篇
做完之后要重新審視。首先瀏覽一遍文章再答題。選擇之后放在原文中上下閱讀尋找感覺。
綜上所述,選詞思路與技巧如下:
1、語篇:
?。?)是否符合本句或上下文邏輯;
(2)是否對上下文補(bǔ)充說明;
?。?)是否上下文有對比或?qū)φ贞P(guān)系;
?。?)是否為因果關(guān)系。
2、語法:
(1)是否特殊句式;
(2)主謂是否一致;
?。?)詞或詞組的搭配是否正確;
?。?)動詞(特別是非謂語動詞)的用法是否正確;
?。?)是否需加詞,實現(xiàn)句子連接或轉(zhuǎn)換。
3、考點
(1)理解主旨大意;
?。?)尋讀具體信息;
?。?)理解細(xì)節(jié);
?。?)根據(jù)上下文提供語境推測生詞詞義,進(jìn)而加深對文段的理解;
(5)簡單的判斷和推理;
?。?)理解文段的基本邏輯結(jié)構(gòu);
(7)理解作者的意圖和態(tài)度;
?。?)理解文段的文化信息:詞匯語法熟練程度
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